CRISPR and Gene Editing: A New Frontier in Healthcare

Abstract

The potential for significant advancements in disease management is highlighted by this review, which looks at the application of CRISPR gene editing for treating allergies, particularly those related to allergens. It also evaluates the benefits and limitations of this technique in relation to existing treatment options. When it comes to treating medical illnesses like cancer, hepatitis B, cardiovascular disorders, and excessive cholesterol, CRISPR-Cas9 technology provides a rapid, precise, and effective way to manipulate DNA. The issue of reducing mismatches between sgRNA and genomic DNA caused by Cas9 is addressed. A wide range of genome-editing methods are discussed in this chapter, including as CRISPR/Cas9 systems, TALENs, and vector-based transfection. An overview of the prospective applications of gene modification techniques for the treatment of cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, viral, and cancer illnesses is also included, along with translational advances in ex vivo and in vivo studies. The roles of gene treatments, artificial intelligence (AI), and genetic testing in educational and medical settings are reviewed in this article, which also highlights moral concerns and emphasizes the necessity to develop novel legislative frameworks for their assessment and supervision. In order to emphasize the importance of further advancement, it also addresses situations in which these technologies exceed current ethical standards. The article discusses the developments in gene therapy, especially CRISPR-Cas9 and CAR-T cell therapy, as well as the constraints and critical thinking that must be addressed for oncology to proceed. It highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary strategy, ethical supervision, and efforts to make things more affordable and accessible.