Organs-on-Chips: Mimicking Human Physiology for Drug Testing

Digvijay Singh; Mohammed  Ismail Iqbal

doi:10.55938/wlp.v1i1.96

Authors

Digvijay Singh Uttaranchal University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-3891
Mohammed Ismail Iqbal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-7014

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55938/wlp.v1i1.96

Keywords:

Organ-On-Chip (OOC), Microfluidics, Microengineered Biomimetic System, 3D Cell Culture Systems, Drug Development

Abstract

Modern civilization encounters challenges with averting sickness and increasing life expectancy. Understanding illness causes and establishing effective therapy options with minimal adverse effects are the two primary approaches. Organs-on-chips (OOC) technology attempts to satisfy this demand by offering resource-efficient, miniature micro-physiological systems for biomedical research. Prior to clinical trials, drug researchers attempt to anticipate the adverse reactions of medications. OOC technology, which replicates human biological functions for enhanced safety and efficacy testing in preclinical studies, addresses the escalating expense of drug development due to inadequate forecasting in 2D cell culture and animal models. Traditional in vitro culture technologies and animal models are utilized to investigate viral infection pathology and develop treatments and vaccinations. However, there is an absence of simulations that adequately recreate human infection reactions. Researchers are exploring the possibility through tissue engineering as a bioelectronic alternative to animal cell cultures. OOC biosystems, microfluidic devices with customized micro-environments, have demonstrated applications in tissue engineering and drugs delivery. They have been employed in biomedicine to recreate organ operations and investigate interrelationships between various systems. Human organ-on-a-chip microfluidic culture technologies promise to satisfy this need. The paper highlights the potential benefits of OOC platforms for drug research, emphasizing their cost savings and possibilities for enhanced drug screening. It also addresses the barriers and opportunities that these systems present, as well as future projections for this technology.

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