Smart Sensors and IoT Devices for Precision Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture, which is essential to the world economy and human life, has developed from conventional practices to more innovative methods like precision farming as a result of population growth and resource scarcity, which have led to increased production and utilization of resources.The objective of the study is to optimize crop yields by creating an autonomous agricultural robot that employs an Internet of Things (IoT) module to perform responsibilities like irrigating, seeding, and ploughing. IoT allows for almost real-time data collection from large networks, connecting wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing a variety of information. This is particularly beneficial for row crop systems, which collect data from numerous sources. By integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence, precision agriculture (PA) employs technology to boost crop yield and solve issues including soil degradation, climate change, and growing expenditures. In addition to emphasizing its role in minimizing crop output gaps, food waste, and resource inefficiencies, this paper highlights the advantages of integrating ICT into precision agriculture for sustainable growth. By incorporating digital systems with machinery, Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing farming, particularly precision agriculture. This article includes a general overview of these systems and addresses how the changing environment of digital agriculture influences equipment design approaches. UAVs and sensors are employed in precision agriculture for detecting sickness, however their accuracy is limited. Classification and identification activities are performed by image processing software and machine learning models. However, successful application of these tools depends on the training and verification of databases. This article explores innovations in precision agriculture, especially technological breakthroughs like machine learning and drones. It also considers issues with data management, adoption of novel innovations, and cost-effectiveness. The growing demand for cloud computing can be attributed to advancements in processing and management. IoT and AI are promising productivity boosters. IoT data is readily available for research, revolutionizing conventional methods of cultivation and anticipating crop yield. Humanity may undergo profound transformation as a consequence of this.